RAW Data
   
Wed, 02 Jan 2008

Chanting the Psalms


We just finished a quarter in the adult Sunday School class at church which was about the use of the Psalms in worship. A couple of points made in class were that the Psalms were for singing. They are the inspired hymnal of the church. There are actually musical indications which are part of the inspired text.

But of course, we have no idea of what this music sounded like or how the text of the Psalms was set to music. The obvious conclusion from this is that God simply did not regard the form or style of music as important. But that they are meant for music is perhaps much more important than most churches think today. So the next question is how do we go about setting the text of the Psalm to music today?

Part of this question involves the importance of being faithful to the text. Because when you try to put the Psalms to a metered style of music (with a strict time signature), you immediately have trouble. So many composers alter the text and paraphrase it. Or just use fragments of a Psalm. Now this can be good and useful but there is still the need to set complete Psalms in exact wording to music.

One way to do this is to use chant. This may not sound very appealing to many of my church going friends but don't dismiss it without good consideration.

One of the resources in our class was a book published by Concordia Publishing here in St. Louis, Reading the Psalms with Luther. This book primarily provides some good insights into the meaning and purpose of each Psalm. But it also has these 8 chant (listed below) tones and each Psalm is pointed in a manner that allows you to chant each Psalm using one of the tones. These tones are fairly simple. And since there are no suggestions as to which tone will go with any particular Psalm, I decided to try and help with selecting a tone by giving a brief analysis. Thanks also to my interest in the Lilypond music typesetting program, I am able to share my thoughts and the tones with everyone. I have highlighted words and phrases so you can quickly determine the character of each tone. So by printing this out and going through the Luther's book, you can hopefully more easily determine which tone might work for a particular Psalm. Without the book it's a little more tricky as it adds the points where you change from the sustained tones. I suppose you could try to do this yourself but for the novice, this might be difficult.

[image of music]

This tone is in D major. Both halves seem to clearly establish the D major chord. It is resolved and does not exhibit any tension when I hear it. Good for expressing absolutes.

[image of music]

This tone has the F major key signature and repeats the note F but to me, it does not sound completely major. The first half actually seems to outline the dissonant locrian mode and, although it doesn't include the diminished 5th (which would be B flat), it still sounds minor. The second half of the tone ends on F and seems to have a more major and resolving sound. This is an interesting tone and could be used effectively in an antiphonal style with a couple of groups of singers. It seems to have a question and answer character to it.

[image of music]

This tone seems to be in the phyrigian mode which is minor but it doesn't sound very minor to me. It is perhaps semi-reflective in character.

[image of music]

E flat major and another tone which outlines the tonic chord of the key. A very resolved and finished sound, it seems useful to me for expressing absolutes and praise.

[image of music]

G major. But this tone clearly moves from G to D, thus ending on more of a mixolydian or dominant chord type of sound. So it is a major tone which does not have the fully resolved sound of the others. It has more of a questioning feel.

[image of music]

D major key but another phyrgian mode tone (which is minor), this time built on F sharp. Yet it doesn't sound overly minor or sad. It is kind of in between reflective and declarative in it's possible use.

[image of music]

F major key but clearly the minor sounding dorian mode (built on G). Lonely and reflective sounding.

[image of music]

A minor. But it seems to shift from A minor in the first half to D dorian in the second. This tone has a kind of anguished and lonely feel to me.

[/music]     10 comments     permalink


Converting Old LPs to Digital Form



What a great gift this was. The Numark TTUSB is not just a turntable. It actually includes a USB connection which will output the audio signal from the stylus to a computer. The included software, Audacity, is actually available freely at the project web site. It is Free Software licensed under the GPL. This software is most excellent and actually includes a pop and click filter (as well as many other sound modifying things) so you can reduce some of the inherent noise of those old LPs after you record them. Once recorded, you can then convert them to MP3, Ogg, or the lossless formats like WMA. I have already digitized a couple of my old records but I have many more that I would like to convert. Most of these records I have not listened to for years and it is really refreshing to hear them once again.

Update

Here's a few more detailed notes on how TTUSB works with the Audacity software. I have digitized a couple of records now and it has been an easy process. As far as getting a good level, this was not a factor as Audacity seems to get a decent recording level automatically. The sample is initially stored in Audacity's native format. From here you can now begin touching up the audio sample. Audacity will display the whole sample in a graphic format that you can visually inspect. Almost all pop's and scratches are visible and look obviously different from the audio of the actual performance. You can use the selection and zoom tools to inspect these. There are two plugins that I have been using so far to touch up the recordings. The pop filter has threshold and width settings and fiddling with these has given some good results.

Sometimes, there are other types of vinyl artifacts that the pop filter will not get. There is a repair plugin that works quite well on these. You have to use the zoom tool and isolate the artifact very precisely. The repair plugin seems to use some kind of interpolation to smooth out the wave form in between the end points. So far, this tool works excellently and I have been able to eliminate some hiss and scratch type things from the recordings.

As far as selecting tracks, I am doing this visually. I check the time of a track and scroll through the display to find it. Then select the whole track. I don't see any kind of automated way to do this but I actually haven't looked very closely to see if there is. Perhaps because I am picky enough that I want to do it all precisely with my own eyes and ears. There is an export selection item on the file menu that allows you to save to whatever format you desire. I have been saving to WMA which I can then convert to Ogg or MP3 at a later time.

Many of the recordings I have are not re-released on CD so I don't think there is any information available from CDDB. But I haven't really looked into this. I don't see anything within Audacity in this regard.

As you can imagine, there can be a significant amount of time involved with selecting and refining all the tracks from an LP. This can depend on several factors. How picky you want to be with eliminating noise, pops, and hiss as well as what kind of shape the recordings are on are the most obvious factors.

[/music]     3 comments     permalink



         

 

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